Blockchain-Based IoT System for Smart Cities

Objective:

To build a secure, decentralized, and scalable system that integrates IoT (Internet of Things) devices with blockchain technology to enhance urban infrastructure management, data sharing, and automation in smart cities.

Key Features:

Decentralized Data Sharing – IoT devices share data securely without relying on a central server.

Immutable Data Logs – Blockchain stores sensor data in a tamper-proof way.

Device Authentication – Ensures only trusted IoT devices can join the network.

Smart Contracts – Automate tasks like traffic control, waste management, or utility billing.

Real-time Monitoring – Live updates from IoT sensors (e.g., air quality, traffic, energy).

Edge Computing Integration – Processes data closer to devices to reduce latency.

Scalable Architecture – Supports a growing number of devices and services.

Technologies Used:

Blockchain Platforms: Ethereum / Hyperledger Fabric / IOTA

IoT Devices: Raspberry Pi, Arduino, sensors (e.g., temperature, GPS, pollution)

Smart Contracts: Solidity (Ethereum) / Chaincode (Hyperledger)

IoT Protocols: MQTT, CoAP, HTTP

Edge Devices: Fog nodes or local servers for preprocessing data

Backend: Node.js / Python Flask

Frontend: React.js / Angular

Cloud Services: AWS / Azure IoT / IBM Watson IoT

Data Storage: IPFS / Cloud databases (for non-sensitive data)

How It Works:

Device Registration & Authentication:

Each IoT device gets a unique blockchain ID and encryption key.

Data Collection & Transmission:

Devices collect real-time data (e.g., traffic, air quality) and transmit it securely.

Blockchain Logging:

Sensor data is validated and logged onto the blockchain for transparency and traceability.

Smart Contract Execution:

Contracts automatically trigger actions (e.g., alert for pollution level, reroute traffic).

Data Access & Analysis:

Stakeholders (citizens, authorities) can view data through dashboards and analytics tools.

Benefits:

Data Integrity: Sensor data is immutable and verifiable.

Enhanced Security: Reduces risk of hacks or manipulation in centralized systems.

Automation: Smart contracts enable intelligent and autonomous city operations.

Transparency: Citizens and authorities can trust the data.

Efficiency: Reduces paperwork and manual intervention.

Scalability: Can support growing smart city demands and devices.