Blockchain-Based Land Registry System

Objective:

To develop a decentralized and secure land registry system that records and manages property ownership using blockchain technology, aiming to eliminate fraud, enhance transparency, and streamline property transactions.

Key Features:

Immutable Ownership Records – Land ownership and transaction data are stored securely on the blockchain, ensuring no alteration or tampering.

Decentralized Database – Multiple parties (government, banks, notaries) have access to the same updated data in real-time.

Digital Title Transfer – Property titles can be transferred digitally, ensuring faster and more secure transactions.

Smart Contracts for Transactions – Automates the process of property sale and transfer, ensuring conditions are met before ownership changes.

Secure Access & Identity Verification – Uses digital identities (e.g., biometrics, cryptographic keys) for secure access to land records.

Audit Trails – All land transaction histories are transparent and can be audited, enhancing trust and accountability.

Fraud Prevention – Reduces the risk of fraudulent claims, double-selling, or forged documents.

Technologies Used:

Blockchain Platform: Ethereum / Hyperledger Fabric / Corda

Smart Contracts: Solidity (Ethereum) / Chaincode (Hyperledger)

Frontend: React.js / Vue.js (for user dashboard and admin interface)

Backend: Node.js / Express.js

Identity Verification: Digital Identity (DIDs) / Public-Key Infrastructure (PKI)

Storage: IPFS / Arweave (for off-chain document storage)

Encryption: AES-256 (for data security)

Consensus Algorithms: Proof-of-Authority (PoA) or Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) for transaction validation

How It Works:

Land Registration:

When a property is registered, its details (ownership, boundaries, historical data) are encrypted and stored on the blockchain with a unique hash.

Ownership Verification:

Any transaction involving land (sale, inheritance, etc.) is initiated on the blockchain. The buyer and seller’s identity and ownership status are verified through cryptographic keys.

Smart Contract Execution:

A smart contract ensures all conditions of the property transfer (payment, verification, legal documents) are met before the ownership is officially transferred.

Audit and Record Updates:

The blockchain records every change made to the property title, including transfers, disputes, or legal actions, creating a transparent and immutable audit trail.

Decentralized Access:

Authorized users (government officials, banks, notaries, etc.) can access and verify the land records in real-time, ensuring up-to-date information is available.

Benefits:

Fraud Reduction: Prevents illegal transfers, fake documents, and double-selling of land.

Increased Transparency: Every property transaction is visible to all stakeholders, ensuring full accountability.

Faster Transactions: Streamlines the process of property transfer and ownership verification, eliminating paperwork and reducing delays.

Cost Efficiency: Reduces administrative overhead and the need for intermediaries, lowering transaction costs.

Improved Security: Cryptographic encryption ensures that property data and transactions are secure and tamper-proof.

Better Access to Credit: A transparent, verifiable land registry improves access to financing and credit for property owners.

Global Accessibility: Enables cross-border recognition and verification of land ownership.